Simple verbal clauses

  • the minimal verbal clause consists of a single verb
  • only inflectional morphology is (optional) ta-3p’ (crossref#cldf:verbinfl)), compare with
  • personal proclitics can occur on verb ; no transitive 1+2 attested
    • usually express P, 2A attested
    • wïrë1pro’ and ejnë1+2pro’ rarely cliticized
  • arguments can be expressed by pronouns or nouns / noun phrases
  • "free" order
  • clausal particles?
    1. They got away. / se fueron
    2. They didn't tell. / no contaron
  1. They didn't tell it. / no lo contaba
    1. Who was going to feed me then? / ¿quién más me iba a alimentar pues?
    1. You don't go to the creoles' village. / tu no (puedes) ir al pueblo de los criollos
  1. We will be finished, daughter. / nosotros nos vamos a acabar, hija

Person proclitics

  • Second person A
    • 2’ marking A in
    • subordinate clauses and
    • is 'learn' transitive?
    1. You have not seen a fish that is put on to dry. / usted no ha visto un pescado que se pone, para que se seque
    1. What you are talking about. / ese que tu estás diciendo
  • First person A
  • Transitive local scenarios
  • one attested case of ta-3>3’ on the lexical verb of a -pëkë construction w/ 2nd person a on aux to do: find that example
    • zero-marked third person on transitive verbs with 1a or 2a
  • one example of 2a’ on imperative verb to do: add GrMePers.029
  • *t‑V‑se is no more — the t‑ is gone, except in lexicalized items

  • only free first person pronouns with V-initial verbs:

  • unmarked third person:

Intransitive clauses

First person

  1. Preverbal pronoun
    I don’t laugh. / !‘yo no me río (convrisamaj: 4)
  1. Postverbal pronoun
    I don't know. / no sé
  • not attested: prefixed verb followed by pronoun

Second person

  • not attested: pronoun

Third person

  1. Zero
    He slept. / durmió (ctorat: 6)
  1. Postverbal NP
    My mother is coming. / viene mi mamá
  1. Preverbal pronoun
    He was dancing. / él... se la pasaba bailando
  • ‘go’ has an irregular third person marker ij-3’:

Transitive clauses

There are several factors that play a role here:

  1. presence or absence of prefix
  2. presence or absence of pronouns and NPs
  3. order of free arguments
  4. presence or absence of yaerg

Third on third

to do: add examples of [non]declarative w/ [in]transitive verbs